Plasmodesmata-Dependent Intercellular Movement of Bacterial Effectors

Pathogenic microorganisms deliver protein effectors into host cells to suppress immune responses. Recent findings reveal that phytopathogens manipulate the function of plant cell-to-cell communication channels known as plasmodesmata (PD) promote diseases. Several bacterial and filamentous pathogen have been shown regulate PD in their cells. A few pathogens reported move from infected neighboring through PD; however, it is unclear whether can traffic plants. In this study, we determined intercellular movement Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato ( Pst ) DC3000 between adjoining Nicotiana benthamiana . We observed at least 16 capacity transformed surrounding The largely dependent on molecular weights. expression regulators, Arabidopsis PD-located PDLP5 PDLP7, leads closure inhibits PD-dependent a effector N. Similarly, 22-amino acid peptide flagellin (flg22) treatment induces suppresses Among mobile effectors, HopAF1 HopA1 are localized plasma membrane (PM) Interestingly, PM association does not negatively affect movement. Together, our demonstrate able intercellularly